What is difference between packet switch and circuit switch
network?
To make a
baseband network practical for many computers to share, the data transmitted by
each system is broken up into separate units called packets. When your computer
transmits data it might be broken up into many packets, and the computer
transmits each packet separately. When all of the packets constituting a
particular transmission reach their destination, the receiving computer
reassembles them back into original data. This is the basis for a
packet-switching network.
Circuit-switching
means that the two systems wanting to communicate establish a circuit before
they transmit any information. That circuit remains open throughout the life of
the exchange, and is only broken when the two systems are finished
communicating. Circuit switching is more common in environments like the public
switched telephone network (PSTN), in which the connection between your
telephone and that of the person you're calling remains open for the entire
duration of the call.
What is difference between Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex
Communications?
In
half-duplex communication data travels in only one direction at a time.
In
full-duplex mode two systems that can communicate in both directions
simultaneously are operating.
Which is the most popular international cable standard?
TIA/EIA-568-B
Describe UTP cable
UTP cable
comes in a variety of different grades, called "categories" by the
Electronics Industry Association (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry
Association (TIA), the combination being referred to as EIA/TIA.
- Cat 1 :- Used for voice-grade telephone networks only; not for data transmissions
- Cat 2 :- Used for voice-grade telephone networks
- Cat 3 :-Used for voice-grade telephone networks, 10 Mbps Ethernet, 4 Mbps Token Ring,
- Cat 4 :-Used for 16 Mbps Token Ring networks
- Cat 5 :-Used for 100BaseTX Fast Ethernet, SONet, and OC-3 ATM
- Cat 5e:- Used for Gigabit (1000 Mbps) Ethernet protocols
What is TIA/EIA?
A
cooperative trade association responsible for the "Commercial Building
Telecommunication Cabling Standard," also known as EIA/TIA 568, which
specifies how network cables should be installed in a commercial site.
What is attenuation ?
The
progressive weakening of a signal as it travels over a cable or other medium.
The longer the distance a signal travels, the weaker the signal gets, until it
becomes unreadable by the receiving system
What is Crosstalk ?
A type of
signal interference caused by signals transmitted on one pair of wires bleeding
over into the other pairs. Crosstalk can cause network signals to degrade,
eventually rendering them unviable.
Where would you use cross and straight cable?
A
straight-through cable is used for DTE-to-DCE connections.
- 1. A hub to a router, PC, or file server
- 2.A switch to a router, PC, or file server
Crossover
cables should by used when you connect a DTE to another DTE or a DCE to another
DCE.
- 1. A hub to another hub
- 2. A switch to another switch
- 3. A hub to a switch
- 4. A PC, router, or file server to another PC, router, or file server
Describe different types of connector used in LAN
RJ-11 (
Registered Jack-11) a four- or six-wire connector primarily used to connect
telephone equipment.
RJ-45
(Registered Jack-45) connector is an eight-wire connector that is commonly used
to connect computers to a local area network (LAN), particularly Ethernet LANs.
AUI(
Attachment Unit Interface.) is the part of the Ethernet standard that specifies
how a Thicknet cable is to be connected to an Ethernet card. AUI specifies a
coaxial cable connected to a transceiver that plugs into a 15-pin socket on the
network interface card (NIC).
BNC stand
for British Naval Connector (or Bayonet Nut Connector or Bayonet Neill
Concelman)a type of connector used with coaxial cables such as RG-58.BNC
connectors are used on both Thicknet and Thinnet.
What is protocol?
A set of
standards that define all operations within a network. There are various
protocols that operate at various levels of the OSI network model such as
transport protocols include TCP.
Who develop the OSI modal?
The
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model to describe how information is
transferred from one machine to another.
What is Micro segmentation?
Micro
segmentation is a term used with switches when each networking device has its
own dedicated port on a switch.
What are the advantages of OSI modal?
- Defines the process for connecting two layers, promoting interoperability between vendors.
- Separates a complex function into simpler components.
- Allows vendors to compartmentalize their design efforts to fit a modular design, which eases implementations and simplifies troubleshooting
What are the port number / socket number and Connection
Multiplexing?
Transport
layer assigns a unique set of numbers for each connection. These numbers are
called port or socket numbers TCP, and UDP, provide a multiplexing function for
a device: This allows multiple applications to simultaneously send and receive
data.
Lan Card Test Sheet
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Also
know as Ethernet Card, or NIC Network interface card.
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In device manage
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Reason
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In LAN card properties
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Yellow sign
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Driver not installed
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Will not show
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Red Cross
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Disable
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Show with disable status
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No Ethernet option
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Physical not installed
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Will not show
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At Command Prompt
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C:/> ipconfig
Possible out put |
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IP address of computer
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Everything is fine
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Windows ip Configuration
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Either media is disconnected or
LAN disable
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C:/> ping <Remote computer
ip>
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Used
to check the physical connectivity
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Possible out put
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Reply From .....
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Host is up and operational
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Request time out
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Either firewall is on remote
desktop or network plug is loose
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Destination net unreachable
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There is no route to reach to the
remote network
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